Civil War

I grew up with relatives who were still fighting the Civil War (or the War of Northern Aggression, as my grandmother described it). I knew about the Lost Cause, usually referred to simply as “The Cause.” I had watched Gone with the Wind countless times with my mother, and I knew it not as a movie based on a novel but as history. It wasn’t until I was a junior in high school that my American history teaching challenged our class to explore received history and find out what really happened in the Civil War.

It was an eye-opening exercise. And yet I knew that while my relatives and my received wisdom were largely and mostly wrong, my understanding wasn’t entirely wrong. For example, the abolition movement in America was empowered by a powerful propaganda war, which often exaggerated reality to score points in public opinion (as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, himself a part of that propaganda war, would come to realize and regret). Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin without having set foot on a slave-owning plantation, yet Northern readers accepted it as fact. And the idea of secession by individual states were first advanced and popularized, not by the southern states, but by the New England states, which wanted high tariffs to protect their own manufacturing interests and were willing to entertain leaving the Union to achieve their goals. 

Still, it was something of a surprise to read Defending Dixie’s Land: What Every American Should Know About the South and the Civil War (2023) by Isaac Bishop, a pen name for writer Jeb Smith. He’s born and raised in Vermont, no less (a Yankee!). 

Bishop’s journey into the Civil War, began with his studies on the American Revolution and the country’s founders. He realized that most of what he was learning was about the founders from the Northern colonies, with very little being said about the founders from the South and what they believed. From there he studied what he terms “the most terrible sin in our history” – slavery. His previous understanding began to unravel. And the more he looked, the more unraveled it became.

Wherever possible, he looked at original source documents – writings of the protagonists, accounts by former slaves, and the people on both sides who were living through a tumultuous political conflict that became a devastating military conflict.

In Defending Dixie’s Land, Bishop lays out his defense of the South by examining several broad areas: slavery, secession of the cotton states, secession of the Upper South, the Union as created by the founders (all of them), African-American support for the South during the Civil War, America’s agricultural past, treatment of minorities by both North and South, slavery around the world, and finally the fundamental antagonism between North and South. The North, he argues, accepted modernity and the radical beliefs of the French Revolution, while South is “perhaps best understood as a Protestant version of medieval Europe.” 

Yes, my mouth hung open in surprise as I read the book, especially when he writes about the individual he views as the chief villain in the play – Abraham Lincoln. Even if I might disagree with him on many things, I was still left with a sense of Bishop may not be entirely right, and he may not be even largely right, but it’s difficult to ignore or discount many of the arguments he makes.

Bishop, a penname for author Jeb Smith, has published two other books: Missing Monarchy: Correcting Misconceptions About the Middle Ages, Medieval Kingship, Democracy, and Liberty; and The Road Goes Ever On and On: A New Perspective on J. R. R. Tolkien and Middle-earth. He’s written more than 100 articles for such publications as History is Now, The Postal Magazine, the Libertarian Institute, History Medieval, Rutland Herald, Vermont Daily Chronicle, Medieval Magazine, Medieval Archives, the Libertarian Christian Institute, and Fellowship & Fairydust Magazine. He lives in Vermont.

Top illustration: an 1852 publicity poster for Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe.